Vertical reflectivity profile

***

***

***

***

***

***+

Attenuation by precip.

** 1

***

***

**

**

***+

Total beam overshooting

***

**

**

***

**

**

Sea clutter

***2

***

**

**

***

**

Ground clutter

**-***

*

**

*

**

***+

AP clutter

***

**

**

*

***

***

Hail

**

**

**

*

**

**

Propagation changes

**

*

**

*

**

*

Beam blockage

***

***

***+

*

***

***+

Gauge adjustment

**

***

***

*

***

**

Radar siting

***

*

***+

o

***

***

Suboptimal compositing algorithms

***

*

?

**

**

***

Availability of polar data

*

**

* ?

o

***

* 12

Orographic enhancement and lee effects

**

o

?

*?

*

*

Hardware

*-*** 3

*

** 6

*

**

* 13

Absence of metadata

*

*

*

**

*

**

Meteorological algorithms

?

***

**?

***

***

* 14

Data assimilation to models

?

***

***+

*

***

** 15

Birds

*

*

*

**

**

*

Overhanging precipitation

***

***

**

**

***

**

Interfering emitters, jamming

*

*

*?

*

**

** 15

Wet radome attenuation

**

**

*? 7

**

**

**

Attenuation by icy, sleety, salty or dirty radome

**

*

*? 7

*

**

**

Infrastructure: electricity, tower structure

* 4

o

* or
***+ 8

* 4

***

*

Water phase

**

*

**

**

**

*** 16

Miscalibration

*

**

?

**

*

*

Pointing error (elevation)

* 5

**

?

**

*

17

Z (R, S)

?

***

?

**

**

**

Ships

?

*

*?

*

*

**

Scan strategy

***

**

***+

*

**

***

Second trips (Cb + AP)

*

*

**?

*

**

**

Sidelobes

*

*

*

*

*

* 18

Chaff

o

*

?

*

**

*

Windmills

o

**

o 9

o

*

* 19

Dry radome attn

*

*

*? 7

o

*

**

Attn. by gases

o

*

* 7

*

*

*

Attn. by clouds

o

*

* 7

*

*

*

Insects

?

*

*

*

*

*

Sun

*

*

* 10

*

*

*

Specular reflections (Neighbours)

*

**

o

o

*

o?

Forest fires, volcanic ash

o

o

o 11

o

*

o

Bragg scattering from clear air

o

*

*?

o

*

o?

Clouds

o

*

**?

?

*

?

Aircraft in noise samples

o

*

*

o

*

*

Flare echo

o

o

*

o

*

o